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The United States is grappling with a significant measles outbreak. More than 700 confirmed cases of measles have been identified so far. Measles, a highly contagious airborne virus, was declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000. However, declining vaccination rates have led to its resurgence. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has deployed teams to the most affected regions to assist with containment efforts.
Confirmed cases of measles have been identified in Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Washington.
Reduced vaccination and vaccination hesitancy responsible for measles outbreak in the US
Measles is an airborne, extremely infectious, and potentially severe rash illness. Before the measles vaccine was introduced, an estimated 48,000 people were hospitalized and 400–500 people died in the United States each year.
However, this time even vaccinated individuals are getting infected. The US CDC recommends two dose vaccination. “Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective at preventing measles, 1 dose is 93% effective. It is uncommon for someone fully vaccinated to develop measles. However, breakthrough infections (when someone becomes infected after they have been vaccinated) can occur, especially in communities experiencing an outbreak where high levels of measles virus are circulating. The number of breakthrough infections (approximately 5% of total) is consistent with what we have seen in previous years,” the US CDC says.
Here’s how to stay safe
The MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella) is the most effective protection against measles. Two doses are about 97% effective, while one dose is about 93% effective . Ensure you and your family are up to date with vaccinations.
Measles symptoms typically begin 7–14 days after exposure. Early signs include high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Within a few days, tiny white spots known as Koplik spots may appear inside the mouth. A red, blotchy rash follows, usually starting on the face and hairline before spreading down the body. The rash can last for several days and may be accompanied by a spike in fever. Measles is highly contagious even before the rash appears, so early recognition and isolation are key. Anyone showing symptoms should contact a healthcare provider immediately.
Wash your hands frequently, avoid close contact with sick individuals, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. These practices can help prevent the spread of measles and other infectious diseases.
If you are planning to travel, especially internationally, ensure you’re fully vaccinated at least two weeks before departure. “Measles can live in the air for 2 hours after an infectious person leaves the space. Before any international travel, evaluate if your family needs early vaccine doses,” the US CDC advises.
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